Chapter 7 Vocab 13th

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Iroquois League - Five New York area Indian tribes united in a confederation. They kept their independence, but got together in times of war.

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Republicanism = a philosophy where society is define as citizens submitting their private comfort to the common good.

Whig Ideas: Corruption was to be avoided, liberty to be held supreme and the power of the king, and even elected officials should be limited.

Mercantilism: The idea that a country’s power was bound up in its wealth, and thus they needed to export more than they imported. Colonies helped a lot, by using exports from the main country, and giving them the imports that they would need.

Navigations Laws: Laws that stated that all commerce going to and from the colonies must come on British ( or colonial) vessels. Later all European goods destined for America had to stop in Britain first to pay tariffs, and the Americans could only ship certain products (like tobacco) to Britain.

Quartering act: (1765) - required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops.

Adam Smith: The Scottish father of modern economics who disliked mercantilism.
Right to Nullification: ?Figure it out for yourself.
George Grenville (actions taken): He ordered the navy to enforce the navigation acts, in 1764 passed the sugar acts (which passed duties on sugar) Then the quartering act in 1765, which required colonists to provide room and board for British troops. Lastly was the stamp act, which required colonists to pay for special stamped paper.

Stamp Act Congress: A meeting of 27 delegates from 9 colonies in NYC in 1765, they drew up a statement of their rights and grievances and appealed to the king to repeal the legislation.

Non importation agreements: People would agree not to use British made products such as textiles.

Sons and daughters of Liberty: A group of sometimes violent protestors, who often enforced the non-importation agreements with tar and feathers.

Boston Massacre March 5, 1770: 60 civilians began to rough around 10 British troops. After one was hit with a club and another knocked down. The troops responded by opening fire and wounded or killed 11 civilians.

Crispus Attucks: A runaway mulatto and the leader of the mob who was killed in the massacre.

King George III: born in 1738 He attempted to assert power in 1770. Though he was a good man, he was a poor ruler, and his cabinet was primarily yes men.

Samuel Adams (1722-1803): A master propagandist and engineer of rebellion. Though unimpressive in looks, and unsuccessful in business, he managed to organize committees of correspondence.

Local and Inter-colonial Committees of correspondence: Like the committees Samuel Adams organized in Massachusetts, others were organized starting in 1773 in Virginia. The committees were meant to spirit resistance by interchanging letters to keep opposition to British policies alive.

Abigail Adams (1744-1818) : The wife of John Adams, a prominent patriot in her own right she was one of the first to see what revolutionary ideas meant for women.

Thomas Hutchinson: A governor of Massachusetts who, although who agreed that the tea tax was unjust , did not think the colonists should flout the law. He decided to order the east India company tea ships not to leave the harbor until they had unloaded their cargo.
Boston Tea Party: on December 16 1772, a band of colonists disguised as Indians boarded the docked tea ships, smashed 342 tea chests and dumped them into the harbor.

Intolerable acts: Intolerable Acts/coercive acts/ Boston Port Act 1774: IN response to the Boston tea party and deteriorating situation, a overwhelming majority of parliament passed these acts which : closed the Boston harbor until damages were paid, restrictions were placed on town meeting, and officials who killed colonists in the line of duty could be sent to Britain for Trial.

Also included was the Quebec act, which allowed freedom for Canadian Roman Catholics, and allowed them not to have to use trial by jury or representative assembly. This act was very popular in Canada.

First Continental Congress Sept-Oct 1774: 12 of the 13 colonies ( Georgia was missing) sent 55 delegates. They managed to convince each other of a revolutionary course and drew up a declaration of rights as well as solemn appeals to the other Colonies, the king, and the British people.

The association: the most significant act of the continental congress it called for complete boycott of British goods for the purpose of the redress of the offensive legislation.

Lexington Massacre: When British moved in April 1775 to capture powder stores at Lexington and concord, they fired on the militia in Lexington when they refused to disperse, killing 8 and wounding more. However in concord the militia was ready and fired on them from behind stone walls and all as they retreated causing nearly 300 casualties.

Marquis de Lafayette 1757-1834: A young French noble who for reasons of boredom, glory and liberty joined the continental army and was an officer by age 19. He donated much time and money to the American cause.

Valley Forge: The Pennsylvanian fort where the continental army wintered in 1777-1778. The fort exposed the lack of good as well as of clothing and shoes.

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